6th Edition of Neurology World Conference 2026

Abstract

Abstract: The neural representation state of memory is an wù xiàng, which is a hypothesis that cannot be tested by current neuroscience technology. However, the hypothesis that memory is an wù xiàng aligns with human cognitive psychological experiences and is supported by a wealth of empirical evidence, such as dream memories and semantic  wù xiàng memories reported by patients with hallucinations and delusions. Currently, cognitive neuroscience generally accepts the view that memory is information, which is consistent with the characteristics of brain neurobiochemical electrical signals. Nevertheless, human cognitive psychological experiences of images and a substantial amount of empirical evidence must have their neurophysiological basis. Which of these two views on memory is more accurate? This article systematically demonstrates the theoretical hypothesis that the neural representation of memory is an wù xiàng by dividing and identifying five "watersheds" of neural structures involved in sensory information processing and the formation of image memories in the brain's central nervous system, and by examining and analyzing the relationship between hallucination symptoms, delusion symptoms, memory disorders, and sensory information stimuli, as well as the diversity of linguistic symbols and the identity of semantic images. Keywords: sensory information processing; "watershed"; neuroplasticity; memory  wù xiàng; hallucination  wù xiàng; delusion  wù xiàng; semantic  wù xiàng; empirical evidence;Since the 1980s, with the development of neurobiology, the concept of neural information has been widely applied. Brain imaging techniques such as fMRI have been introduced successively, promoting the rapid development of cognitive neuroscience. Although cognitive neuroscience has classified related memory types, it generally adheres to the viewpoint that the neural representation of memory is information. Cognitive psychology studies the neural basis of language, giving rise to the theory of semantic information. This is due to cognitive neuroscientists misunderstanding and misjudging the nature and characteristics of neural representations of memory, as well as confusing the functions of sensory organs with the functional differences between cortical areas of the brain's central nervous system. To facilitate the distinction between the two, I will draw an analogy: the sensory nervous system is like a "router" for a television, while the central nervous system is like a "color picture tube". Therefore, the brain's nervous system serves as both a "picture tube" and a storage device. In other words, the former is responsible for information processing and does not involve memory, while the latter is responsible for object image processing and memory. The content of object image memory thinking can be expressed through language statements or as neurophysiological and psychological responses through bodily behaviors. Therefore, the basis for memory representation, semantic content, and behavioral response is the same type of neural representation: object image. Theoretical premise of the memory image hypothesis: Factual theory 1. The universal cognitive psychological experience of humans is that the "horse" in memory is its physical form and attributes, rather than the " wù xiàng" about the "horse". This cognitive psychological fact is common sense. 2. Dreaming is a common physiological phenomenon of the brain and nervous system in humans. Dreams are manifestations, and the content of dream memories is mostly unrelated to sensory information stimulation. 3. The memories of patients with hallucinosis are all hallucinatory  wù xiàng memories, as their hallucinations have no direct relationship with sensory environmental information, but rather distorted  wù xiàng memories of the objective environment. Such facts do not require new experimental evidence. Please refer to Section 4 for existing case analysis. 4. Delusion is a condition of  wù xiàng thinking arising from  wù xiàng memory, as most delusional content has no direct relationship with sensory environmental information stimuli. (Hao Wei, Lu Lin. 2018.) In the textbook "Psychiatry", a large number of delusion cases are exemplified. Therefore, no new experimental evidence is temporarily required. Please refer to Section 5. 5. The fact that people learn to indirectly perceive the world and acquire knowledge through text; the fact that humans enhance emotions through language communication; the fact that language guides physical operational behavior, etc. Semantic information memory is completely contrary to the logic of these factual memories. These are the facts of semantic  wù xiàng memory. 6. The phenomena of auditory and visual hallucinations in patients with mental disorders are the results of sound and visual images shaped and generated by their brain centers, and have no direct causal relationship with environmental information stimuli. Patients express them through language, indicating that the semantics are images rather than information. Refer to Sections 4 and 5 for case analysis. scientific principle 1. There are five "watersheds" in the neural structure related to sensory information processing and the generation of  wù xiàng memory in the brain's central nervous system, which are: the optic chiasm, the ventral cochlear nucleus, the spinothalamic tract, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the olfactory bulb, among other neurophysiological facts. 2. Proof of the brain's central system's ability to generate imagery memory. For example, the color vision neuron group, the directional, spatial, and motor neuron groups, etc. 3. Hallucination symptoms confirm that the brain's nervous system is capable of shaping and generating various types of visual memories. 4. Types of hallucinatory imagery memory Hallucination is one of the common and important psychotic symptoms in clinical psychiatry. Patients' phenomena such as visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, gustatory hallucinations, olfactory hallucinations, tactile hallucinations, and visceral hallucinations confirm, from one aspect, the main functional characteristics of the brain's central nervous system, which are cognitive generation, imagery memory, and thinking, rather than informational memory and thinking.