Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Asperger's syndrome often coexist, presenting complex challenges across various age groups. Current treatment approaches involve pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies tailored to the diverse etiologies and comorbidities associated with ADHD. Emerging research suggests ketogenic diets, known for their efficacy in various neurological diseases, may offer therapeutic benefits for ADHD and comorbid conditions.

A 24-year-old male with a history of Asperger's and ADHD sought evaluation for inattentiveness affecting academic performance. Initial treatment with Ritalin resulted in significant improvement. However, the patient opted for non-pharmacological interventions, initiating a ketogenic diet alongside lifestyle modifications. Within two months, the patient lost 25.4 lbs, reported improved ADHD symptoms, and reduced Ritalin use. Despite occasional marijuana use, the patient achieved an associate degree, expressing aspirations for further education and a career in government.

This case highlights the success of implementing a ketogenic diet as a non-pharmacological approach to managing ADHD symptoms in an individual with comorbid ADHD and Asperger's syndrome. The patient's reduced reliance on Ritalin, improved academic performance, and lifestyle changes underscore the potential of ketogenic diets as adjunctive strategies for ADHD neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. Clinicians should consider individualized, non-pharmacological interventions, such as ketogenic diets, in the comprehensive management of ADHD.

In conclusion, this case demonstrates the potential efficacy of ketogenic diets as a non-pharmacological intervention for ADHD symptoms in individuals with comorbid ADHD and Asperger's syndrome. The patient's positive outcomes suggest that ketogenic diets when combined with lifestyle modifications, may offer a valuable adjunctive strategy for managing ADHD and related neuropsychiatric disorders. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and mechanisms of action of ketogenic diets in this population.