Abstract

Background and Purpose

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is primarily recognized for gastrointestinal complications. However, emerging evidence suggests a link between IBD and an increased risk of cerebrovascular events, including stroke. Persistent inflammation in IBD may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and accelerated atherosclerosis, raising stroke risk. This study reviews the mechanisms linking
chronic intestinal inflammation to vascular dysfunction and stroke, and assesses the role ofIBD-related medications in stroke risk.

Methods

A literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Population-based studies investigating IBD and stroke were selected. Pathophysiological mechanisms, including inflammation, pro-thrombotic states, and the effects of corticosteroids and biologic therapies, were analyzed, with a focus on inflammatory markers like TNF-α and IL-6.

Results

Studies indicate that IBD patients, particularly younger individuals, have higher rates of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Chronic inflammation, driven by elevated TNF-α and IL-6, promotes endothelial dysfunction and a pro-thrombotic environment. IBD therapies, especially corticosteroids, have been associated with increased stroke risk, while the effects of biologic agents are under investigation.