6th Edition of Neurology World Conference 2026

Abstract

Background:
Climate change is increasingly recognised as a potential modifier of neurological disease burden. This poster examines emerging evidence on how climate-related factors may influence the incidence and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective:
To identify climate-related determinants that could impact MS progression and quality of life, and highlight areas requiring further research.

Methods:
A focused literature review was conducted using PubMed. The search string incorporated the following keywords: climate change, multiple sclerosis, air pollution, vitamin D levels, quality of life, toxins, particulates, rising temperatures. Studies were selected based on relevance, methodological quality, and recency. Eligible articles were critically appraised, and findings were synthesised narratively.

Results:
Three major climate-related factors with potential influence on MS were identified:

1. Rising temperatures – associated with heat-induced symptom worsening and reduced functional capacity.
2. Air pollution – literature reports a positive correlation with MS prevalence and relapse rate, particularly with particulate matter exposure.
3. Vitamin D changes – climate-related shifts in sunlight exposure patterns may alter vitamin D levels, a known MS risk factor.

Conclusion:
Current evidence suggests that climate change may contribute to increased incidence and exacerbation of MS through higher temperatures, deteriorating air quality, and altered vitamin D availability. These impacts may further reduce quality of life for people living with MS. Greater awareness among clinicians is essential, and more robust, longitudinal research is urgently needed to strengthen causal understanding and guide future public health strategies